![]() decreased average number of cold days per year.increased average number of hot days per year.There are multiple lines of evidence that show the climate system is changing. This is increasing the greenhouse effect, which is contributing to warming of the Earth. The problem we now face is that human activities – particularly burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), agriculture and land clearing – are increasing the concentrations of greenhouse gases. This process maintains the Earth’s temperature at around 33 degrees Celsius warmer than it would otherwise be, allowing life on Earth to exist. The absorbed energy warms the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth. Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and some artificial chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). When the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and some is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth’s surface. Analyses of a range of climate scenarios indicate the most severe risks of climate change can largely be mitigated if greenhouse gas emissions are reduced to the point they are no longer accumulating in the atmosphere. Many of the impacts of climate change pose risks to human and natural systems, through more frequent and severe heat waves, coastal inundation due to sea level rise, disruptions to rainfall patterns and other effects. Climate models are used to understand the causes of climate change and to project changes into the future. Past and present climate information is collected from observations and measurements of our environment, including trapped air in ice from thousands of years ago. The evidence of climate change is supported by extensive scientific research performed and reported across the world. Other climatic influences like volcanoes, the sun and natural variability cannot explain the timing and extent of the observed changes. The pattern of observed changes in the climate system is consistent with an increased greenhouse effect. ![]() These activities increase the amount of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The additional greenhouse gases are primarily due to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), agriculture, and land clearing. These changes are caused by extra heat in the climate system due to the addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Observed changes over the 20th century include increases in global average air and ocean temperature, rising global sea levels, long-term sustained widespread reduction of snow and ice cover, and changes in atmospheric and ocean circulation and regional weather patterns, which influence seasonal rainfall conditions.
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